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Ear infections in dogs: Causes, symptoms and treatment

Ear infections in dogs? Learn about the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention – and find out when it’s time to see the vet.

Ear infection in dogs

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Ear infections are a common issue in dogs and can cause significant discomfort, affecting their overall well-being. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for ensuring your four-legged friend stays happy and healthy.

What is an Ear Infection in Dogs?

Ear infections, or otitis, refer to inflammation in different parts of a dog’s ear. There are three main types:

  • Otitis externa: Inflammation of the outer ear canal, the most common type.
  • Otitis media: Inflammation of the middle ear, often a complication of untreated otitis externa.
  • Otitis interna: Inflammation of the inner ear, which can lead to balance problems and hearing loss if left untreated.

Why is it Important to Treat Ear Infections??

Ear infections can be painful and, if not properly treated, may lead to chronic issues, hearing loss, or even the spread of infection to other parts of the body. Some causes, such as ear mites, can also be contagious to other animals, making early diagnosis and treatment essential.

What Causes Ear Infections in Dogs?

Several factors can contribute to ear infections, including:

  • Allergies: Food and environmental allergies can trigger inflammation in the ear canal.
  • Parasites: Ear mites are a common cause of ear infections, particularly in puppies.
  • Bacterial infections: Certain bacteria, such as Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas, can lead to infections.
  • Fungal infections: Yeasts like Malassezia pachydermatis can overgrow and cause irritation.
  • Anatomy: Breeds with droopy ears, such as Cocker Spaniels and Basset Hounds, are more prone due to reduced airflow.
  • Other factors: Excess moisture (from swimming or bathing), foreign objects, hormonal imbalances, and even tumours can contribute to infections.

Symptoms of an Ear Infection in Dogs

Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the infection. Look out for:

  • Physical Signs:
    • Excessive scratching of the ears.
    • Frequent head shaking or tilting.
    • Redness and swelling inside the ear.
    • Discharge (pus, brown or black earwax).
    • A strong, unpleasant smell from the ear.
  • Behavioural Changes:
    • Increased irritability.
    • Sensitivity or pain when the ear is touched.
    • Reduced appetite.
    • Balance issues (in severe cases).

How is an Ear Infection Diagnosed?

Uw dierenarts zal de volgende stappen ondernemen om een oorontsteking te diagnosticeren:

A vet will typically diagnose an ear infection through:

  • Physical examination: Using an otoscope to inspect the ear canal and eardrum.
  • Diagnostic tests:
    • Cytology: Analysing ear secretions to check for bacteria, yeast, or parasites.
    • Culture tests: Identifying the exact bacteria or fungi causing the infection and determining the best treatment.
    • Blood tests: In cases where hormonal imbalances may be a contributing factor.
    • Imaging (X-rays, MRI, or CT scans): For severe or chronic infections to assess deeper structures of the ear.
  •  

Treatment Options for Ear Infections in Dogs

Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include:

  • Antifungal or antibiotic medications: Topical ear drops or oral treatments to eliminate infection.
  • Anti-inflammatory medication: To reduce pain and swelling.
  • Thorough ear cleaning: Using a vet-recommended ear cleaner to remove debris and prevent reinfection.
  • Surgery (in severe cases): If chronic infections or structural abnormalities are present.

Preventing Ear Infections in Dogs

To reduce the risk of ear infections:

  • Regular ear checks and cleaning: Clean your dog’s ears using a vet-approved solution, especially if they are prone to infections.
  • Keep ears dry: Dry thoroughly after swimming or bathing to prevent moisture buildup.
  • Manage allergies: If your dog has food or environmental allergies, consult your vet about dietary changes.
  • Regular parasite prevention: Treat your dog routinely to prevent ear mites and other parasites.
  • Address underlying conditions: If infections are recurrent, investigate potential causes such as hormonal disorders.

When Should You See a Vet?

Seek veterinary advice if your dog has:

  • Persistent scratching or head shaking
  • Redness, swelling, or discharge with a strong odour
  • Sensitivity or signs of pain when touching the ear
  • Hearing loss or balance problems
  • Recurring infections that do not improve with treatment

Are Ear Infections in Dogs Contagious?

Most ear infections are not contagious to other dogs or humans. However, some causes, such as ear mites, can spread between animals, so prompt treatment is essential.

Ear infections in dogs: Conclusion

 

Ear infections are a common but manageable issue in dogs. With proper care, regular check-ups, and early treatment, you can help keep your dog comfortable and infection-free. If in doubt, always consult your vet to ensure your dog gets the best possible care.

FAQ

What are the most common causes of ear infections in dogs?

Ear infections can result from allergies, bacteria, yeast, ear mites, moisture buildup, or anatomical factors.

When should I take my dog to the vet for an ear infection?

If you notice persistent scratching, redness, swelling, unusual discharge, or signs of pain, consult your vet as soon as possible.

Can insect protein-based hypoallergenic food help with ear infections?

Yes, hypoallergenic diets, including insect protein-based foods, can help reduce allergic reactions that contribute to ear infections in sensitive dogs.

How can I prevent ear infections in my dog?

Regular ear cleaning, drying the ears after swimming, managing allergies, and routine parasite prevention can help keep infections at bay.

Are ear infections in dogs contagious?

Most are not, but infections caused by parasites like ear mites can spread to other animals.

Gezonde voeding voor een gelukkig huisdier

Hypoalleregnic dog food

Insect-based Dog Food

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